我已经在我的应用程序中实现了用于用户登录的 JWT（在 Spotify Auth 之前），如下所示：

flask

@auth_blueprint.route('/auth/login', methods=['POST'])
def login_user():
    # get post data
    post_data = request.get_json()
    response_object = {
        'status': 'fail',
        'message': 'Invalid payload.'
    }
    if not post_data:
        return jsonify(response_object), 400
    email = post_data.get('email')
    password = post_data.get('password')
    try:
        # fetch the user data
        user = User.query.filter_by(email=email).first()
        if user and bcrypt.check_password_hash(user.password, password):
            auth_token = user.encode_auth_token(user.id)
            if auth_token:
                response_object['status'] = 'success'
                response_object['message'] = 'Successfully logged in.'
                response_object['auth_token'] = auth_token.decode()
                return jsonify(response_object), 200
        else:
            response_object['message'] = 'User does not exist.'
            return jsonify(response_object), 404
    except Exception:
        response_object['message'] = 'Try again.'
        return jsonify(response_object), 500

这些是我的 SQLAlchemy 的方法 User(db.Model)

def encode_auth_token(self, user_id):
        """Generates the auth token"""
        try:
            payload = {
                'exp': datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(
                    days=current_app.config.get('TOKEN_EXPIRATION_DAYS'), 
                    seconds=current_app.config.get('TOKEN_EXPIRATION_SECONDS')
                ),
                'iat': datetime.datetime.utcnow(),
                'sub': user_id
            }
            return jwt.encode(
                payload,
                current_app.config.get('SECRET_KEY'),
                algorithm='HS256'
            )
        except Exception as e:
            return e

@staticmethod
def decode_auth_token(auth_token):
        """
        Decodes the auth token - :param auth_token: - :return: integer|string
        """
        try:
            payload = jwt.decode(
                auth_token, current_app.config.get('SECRET_KEY'))
            return payload['sub']
        except jwt.ExpiredSignatureError:
            return 'Signature expired. Please log in again.'
        except jwt.InvalidTokenError:
            return 'Invalid token. Please log in again.'

react

应用程序.jsx

  loginUser(token) {
    window.localStorage.setItem('authToken', token);
    this.setState({ isAuthenticated: true });
    this.getUsers();
    this.createMessage('Welcome', 'success');
  };

(...)

<Route exact path='/login' render={() => (
  <Form
    isAuthenticated={this.state.isAuthenticated}
    loginUser={this.loginUser}
  />
)} />

和

表单.jsx

handleUserFormSubmit(event) {
    event.preventDefault();
    const data = {
      email: this.state.formData.email,
      password: this.state.formData.password
    };
    const url = `${process.env.REACT_APP_WEB_SERVICE_URL}/auth/${formType.toLowerCase()}`;
    axios.post(url, data)
      .then((res) => {
        this.props.loginUser(res.data.auth_token);
    })

第三方授权+二次App认证

现在我想在 Spotify 回调之后添加第二层身份验证并处理令牌，如下所示：

@spotify_auth_bp.route("/callback", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def spotify_callback():

    # Auth Step 4: Requests refresh and access tokens
    SPOTIFY_TOKEN_URL = "https://accounts.spotify.com/api/token"

    CLIENT_ID =   os.environ.get('SPOTIPY_CLIENT_ID')
    CLIENT_SECRET = os.environ.get('SPOTIPY_CLIENT_SECRET')
    REDIRECT_URI = os.environ.get('SPOTIPY_REDIRECT_URI')

    auth_token = request.args['code']

    code_payload = {
        "grant_type": "authorization_code",
        "code": auth_token,
        "redirect_uri": REDIRECT_URI,
        'client_id': CLIENT_ID,
        'client_secret': CLIENT_SECRET,
    }

    post_request = requests.post(SPOTIFY_TOKEN_URL, data=code_payload)

    # Auth Step 5: Tokens are Returned to Application
    response_data = json.loads(post_request.text)

    access_token = response_data["access_token"]
    refresh_token = response_data["refresh_token"]
    token_type = response_data["token_type"]
    expires_in = response_data["expires_in"]

    # At this point, there is to generate a custom token for the frontend
    # Either a self-contained signed JWT or a random token?
    # In case the token is not a JWT, it should be stored in the session (in case of a stateful API)
    # or in the database (in case of a stateless API)
    # In case of a JWT, the authenticity can be tested by the backend with the signature so it doesn't need to be stored at all?

    res = make_response(redirect('http://localhost/about', code=302))

    return res

注意：这是获取新 Spotify 令牌的可能端点：

@spotify_auth_bp.route("/refresh_token", methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def refresh_token():
        SPOTIFY_TOKEN_URL = "https://accounts.spotify.com/api/token"
        CLIENT_ID =   os.environ.get('SPOTIPY_CLIENT_ID')
        CLIENT_SECRET = os.environ.get('SPOTIPY_CLIENT_SECRET')

        code_payload = {
            "grant_type": "refresh_token",
            "refresh_token": refresh_token,
        }

        encode = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
        auth = base64.b64encode("{}:{}".format(CLIENT_ID, CLIENT_SECRET).encode())
        headers = {"Content-Type" : encode, "Authorization" : "Basic {}".format(auth)} 

        post_request = requests.post(SPOTIFY_TOKEN_URL, data=code_payload, headers=headers)
        response_data = json.loads(post_request.text)

        access_token = response_data["access_token"]
        refresh_token = response_data["refresh_token"]
        token_type = response_data["token_type"]
        expires_in = response_data["expires_in"]

        return access_token

在 Spotify 回调之后处理我的令牌的最佳方式是什么？

考虑到这一点，一旦用户使用该应用程序登录，他也会不间断地使用 Spotify 登录，必须每 60 分钟刷新一次 Spotify 的访问令牌：

• 授权代码是一个服务器到服务器的流程，只是为了保护秘密的应用程序凭证，然后在前端拥有令牌是安全的吗？

• 我是否应该将访问令牌和刷新令牌都存储在前端，并拥有无状态 JWT？

• 我是否应该只保留临时访问令牌并在数据库中保留刷新令牌，并拥有有状态的 JWT？

• 我应该选择一个会话，只在服务器端持久化吗？

在这里处理我的敏感数据的最安全方法是什么？而且，考虑到上面的代码，怎么会这样？