遍历嵌套的 JavaScript 对象

IT技术 javascript iteration
2021-01-11 00:24:15

我正在尝试遍历嵌套对象以检索由字符串标识的特定对象。在下面的示例对象中，标识符字符串是“标签”属性。我无法思考如何遍历树以返回适当的对象。任何帮助或建议将不胜感激。

var cars = {
  label: 'Autos',
  subs: [
    {
      label: 'SUVs',
      subs: []
    },
    {
      label: 'Trucks',
      subs: [
        {
          label: '2 Wheel Drive',
          subs: []
        },
        {
          label: '4 Wheel Drive',
          subs: [
            {
              label: 'Ford',
              subs: []
            },
            {
              label: 'Chevrolet',
              subs: []
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      label: 'Sedan',
      subs: []
    }
  ]
}
6个回答

您可以创建这样的递归函数来对cars对象进行深度优先遍历。

var findObjectByLabel = function(obj, label) {
    if(obj.label === label) { return obj; }
    for(var i in obj) {
        if(obj.hasOwnProperty(i)){
            var foundLabel = findObjectByLabel(obj[i], label);
            if(foundLabel) { return foundLabel; }
        }
    }
    return null;
};

可以这样称呼

findObjectByLabel(car, "Chevrolet");
递归对于非常深的对象是不利的。你会得到堆栈溢出。
2021-03-25 00:24:15
我只是想知道。obj.hasOwnProperty(i)的用途是什么。因为如果它在for (var i in obj)循环内，是否意味着对象 100% 具有该属性？
2021-04-01 00:24:15
@ArjunU。拥有数百级深度的对象是相当罕见的。
2021-04-03 00:24:15
我收到此错误 RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded
2021-04-03 00:24:15
@Vishal 如果没有obj.hasOwnProperty(i)，将包含自定义原型属性。例如，如果您定义了Array.prototype.first = function(a) { return a[0] }，for(var i in [])则将包含原型属性first。
2021-04-10 00:24:15

如果你想深深迭代到一个复杂的（嵌套）对象为每个键和值，你可以这样做使用Object.keys（） ，递归：

const iterate = (obj) => {
    Object.keys(obj).forEach(key => {

    console.log(`key: ${key}, value: ${obj[key]}`)

    if (typeof obj[key] === 'object') {
            iterate(obj[key])
        }
    })
}

REPL 示例。

如果对象在嵌套项方面“大”，您将收到堆栈溢出错误。最好使用迭代技术。
2021-04-09 00:24:15
经过大量搜索，我发现这是最清晰、最简洁的答案。我同意“大”对象这可能不理想。值得一提的是，它对我来说工作得很好，总共有大约 70 个嵌套的键/值对（我不认为“大”，但每个人都会对此有不同的解释）。
2021-04-10 00:24:15

𝗗𝗲𝗮𝗱-𝘀𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵𝟯𝘃𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲𝘀，𝟵𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀，𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗻𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻

function forEachNested(O, f, cur){
    O = [ O ]; // ensure that f is called with the top-level object
    while (O.length) // keep on processing the top item on the stack
        if(
           !f( cur = O.pop() ) && // do not spider down if `f` returns true
           cur instanceof Object && // ensure cur is an object, but not null 
           [Object, Array].includes(cur.constructor) //limit search to [] and {}
        ) O.push.apply(O, Object.values(cur)); //search all values deeper inside
}

要使用上述函数，请将数组作为第一个参数传递，将回调函数作为第二个参数传递。回调函数在调用时将接收 1 个参数：正在迭代的当前项目。

(function(){"use strict";

var cars = {"label":"Autos","subs":[{"label":"SUVs","subs":[]},{"label":"Trucks","subs":[{"label":"2 Wheel Drive","subs":[]},{"label":"4 Wheel Drive","subs":[{"label":"Ford","subs":[]},{"label":"Chevrolet","subs":[]}]}]},{"label":"Sedan","subs":[]}]};

var lookForCar = prompt("enter the name of the car you are looking for (e.g. 'Ford')") || 'Ford';
lookForCar = lookForCar.replace(/[^ \w]/g, ""); // incaseif the user put quotes or something around their input
lookForCar = lookForCar.toLowerCase();

var foundObject = null;
forEachNested(cars, function(currentValue){
    if(currentValue.constructor === Object &&
      currentValue.label.toLowerCase() === lookForCar) {
        foundObject = currentValue;
    }
});
if (foundObject !== null) {
    console.log("Found the object: " + JSON.stringify(foundObject, null, "\t"));
} else {
    console.log('Nothing found with a label of "' + lookForCar + '" :(');
}

function forEachNested(O, f, cur){
    O = [ O ]; // ensure that f is called with the top-level object
    while (O.length) // keep on processing the top item on the stack
        if(
           !f( cur = O.pop() ) && // do not spider down if `f` returns true
           cur instanceof Object && // ensure cur is an object, but not null 
           [Object, Array].includes(cur.constructor) //limit search to [] and {}
        ) O.push.apply(O, Object.values(cur)); //search all values deeper inside
}

})();

“作弊”替代方案可能是JSON.stringify用于迭代。但是，JSON.stringify将调用toString它传递的每个对象的方法，如果您对toString.

function forEachNested(O, f, v){
    typeof O === "function" ? O(v) : JSON.stringify(O,forEachNested.bind(0,f));
    return v; // so that JSON.stringify keeps on recursing
}


(function(){"use strict";

var cars = {"label":"Autos","subs":[{"label":"SUVs","subs":[]},{"label":"Trucks","subs":[{"label":"2 Wheel Drive","subs":[]},{"label":"4 Wheel Drive","subs":[{"label":"Ford","subs":[]},{"label":"Chevrolet","subs":[]}]}]},{"label":"Sedan","subs":[]}]};

var lookForCar = prompt("enter the name of the car you are looking for (e.g. 'Ford')") || 'Ford';
lookForCar = lookForCar.replace(/[^ \w]/g, ""); // incaseif the user put quotes or something around their input
lookForCar = lookForCar.toLowerCase();

var foundObject = null;
forEachNested(cars, function(currentValue){
    if(currentValue.constructor === Object &&
      currentValue.label.toLowerCase() === lookForCar) {
        foundObject = currentValue;
    }
});
if (foundObject !== null)
    console.log("Found the object: " + JSON.stringify(foundObject, null, "\t"));
else
    console.log('Nothing found with a label of "' + lookForCar + '" :(');

function forEachNested(O, f, v){
    typeof O === "function" ? O(v) : JSON.stringify(O,forEachNested.bind(0,f));
    return v; // so that JSON.stringify keeps on recursing
}
})();

然而，虽然上述方法对于演示目的可能有用，Object.values但 Internet Explorer 不支持，并且代码中有许多非常糟糕的地方：

  1. 代码更改了输入参数（参数）的值 [第 2 行和第 5 行]，
  2. 代码在每个项目上调用Array.prototype.push和Array.prototype.pop[第 5 行和第 8 行]，
  3. 代码只对构造函数进行指针比较，它不适用于窗口外对象 [第 7 行]，
  4. 代码复制了从Object.values[第 8 行]返回的数组，
  5. 代码未本地化window.Object或window.Object.values[第 9 行]，
  6. 并且代码不必要地在数组上调用 Object.values [第 8 行]。

下面是一个快得多的版本，应该比任何其他解决方案都快得多。下面的解决方案修复了上面列出的所有性能问题。然而，它以一种截然不同的方式进行迭代：它首先迭代所有数组，然后迭代所有对象。它继续迭代其当前类型，直到完全耗尽，包括正在迭代的当前风味的当前列表中的迭代子值。然后，该函数迭代所有其他类型。通过在切换之前迭代直到耗尽，迭代循环变得比其他方式更热并且迭代得更快。这个方法还有一个额外的好处：对每个值调用的回调函数传递了第二个参数。第二个参数是从返回的数组Object.values 在父哈希对象或父数组本身上调用。

var getValues = Object.values; // localize
var type_toString = Object.prototype.toString;
function forEachNested(objectIn, functionOnEach){
    "use strict";
    functionOnEach( objectIn );
    
    // for iterating arbitrary objects:
    var allLists = [  ];
    if (type_toString.call( objectIn ) === '[object Object]')
        allLists.push( getValues(objectIn) );
    var allListsSize = allLists.length|0; // the length of allLists
    var indexLists = 0;
    
    // for iterating arrays:
    var allArray = [  ];
    if (type_toString.call( objectIn ) === '[object Array]')
        allArray.push( objectIn );
    var allArraySize = allArray.length|0; // the length of allArray
    var indexArray = 0;
    
    do {
        // keep cycling back and forth between objects and arrays
        
        for ( ; indexArray < allArraySize; indexArray=indexArray+1|0) {
            var currentArray = allArray[indexArray];
            var currentLength = currentArray.length;
            for (var curI=0; curI < currentLength; curI=curI+1|0) {
                var arrayItemInner = currentArray[curI];
                if (arrayItemInner === undefined &&
                    !currentArray.hasOwnProperty(arrayItemInner)) {
                    continue; // the value at this position doesn't exist!
                }
                functionOnEach(arrayItemInner, currentArray);
                if (typeof arrayItemInner === 'object') {
                    var typeTag = type_toString.call( arrayItemInner );
                    if (typeTag === '[object Object]') {
                        // Array.prototype.push returns the new length
                        allListsSize=allLists.push( getValues(arrayItemInner) );
                    } else if (typeTag === '[object Array]') {
                        allArraySize=allArray.push( arrayItemInner );
                    }
                }
            }
            allArray[indexArray] = null; // free up memory to reduce overhead
        }
         
        for ( ; indexLists < allListsSize; indexLists=indexLists+1|0) {
            var currentList = allLists[indexLists];
            var currentLength = currentList.length;
            for (var curI=0; curI < currentLength; curI=curI+1|0) {
                var listItemInner = currentList[curI];
                functionOnEach(listItemInner, currentList);
                if (typeof listItemInner === 'object') {
                    var typeTag = type_toString.call( listItemInner );
                    if (typeTag === '[object Object]') {
                        // Array.prototype.push returns the new length
                        allListsSize=allLists.push( getValues(listItemInner) );
                    } else if (typeTag === '[object Array]') {
                        allArraySize=allArray.push( listItemInner );
                    }
                }
            }
            allLists[indexLists] = null; // free up memory to reduce overhead
        }
    } while (indexLists < allListsSize || indexArray < allArraySize);
}


(function(){"use strict";

var cars = {"label":"Autos","subs":[{"label":"SUVs","subs":[]},{"label":"Trucks","subs":[{"label":"2 Wheel Drive","subs":[]},{"label":"4 Wheel Drive","subs":[{"label":"Ford","subs":[]},{"label":"Chevrolet","subs":[]}]}]},{"label":"Sedan","subs":[]}]};

var lookForCar = prompt("enter the name of the car you are looking for (e.g. 'Ford')") || 'Ford';
lookForCar = lookForCar.replace(/[^ \w]/g, ""); // incaseif the user put quotes or something around their input
lookForCar = lookForCar.toLowerCase();





var getValues = Object.values; // localize
var type_toString = Object.prototype.toString;
function forEachNested(objectIn, functionOnEach){
    functionOnEach( objectIn );
    
    // for iterating arbitrary objects:
    var allLists = [  ];
    if (type_toString.call( objectIn ) === '[object Object]')
        allLists.push( getValues(objectIn) );
    var allListsSize = allLists.length|0; // the length of allLists
    var indexLists = 0;
    
    // for iterating arrays:
    var allArray = [  ];
    if (type_toString.call( objectIn ) === '[object Array]')
        allArray.push( objectIn );
    var allArraySize = allArray.length|0; // the length of allArray
    var indexArray = 0;
    
    do {
        // keep cycling back and forth between objects and arrays
        
        for ( ; indexArray < allArraySize; indexArray=indexArray+1|0) {
            var currentArray = allArray[indexArray];
            var currentLength = currentArray.length;
            for (var curI=0; curI < currentLength; curI=curI+1|0) {
                var arrayItemInner = currentArray[curI];
                if (arrayItemInner === undefined &&
                    !currentArray.hasOwnProperty(arrayItemInner)) {
                    continue; // the value at this position doesn't exist!
                }
                functionOnEach(arrayItemInner, currentArray);
                if (typeof arrayItemInner === 'object') {
                    var typeTag = type_toString.call( arrayItemInner );
                    if (typeTag === '[object Object]') {
                        // Array.prototype.push returns the new length
                        allListsSize=allLists.push( getValues(arrayItemInner) );
                    } else if (typeTag === '[object Array]') {
                        allArraySize=allArray.push( arrayItemInner );
                    }
                }
            }
            allArray[indexArray] = null; // free up memory to reduce overhead
        }
         
        for ( ; indexLists < allListsSize; indexLists=indexLists+1|0) {
            var currentList = allLists[indexLists];
            var currentLength = currentList.length;
            for (var curI=0; curI < currentLength; curI=curI+1|0) {
                var listItemInner = currentList[curI];
                functionOnEach(listItemInner, currentList);
                if (typeof listItemInner === 'object') {
                    var typeTag = type_toString.call( listItemInner );
                    if (typeTag === '[object Object]') {
                        // Array.prototype.push returns the new length
                        allListsSize=allLists.push( getValues(listItemInner) );
                    } else if (typeTag === '[object Array]') {
                        allArraySize=allArray.push( listItemInner );
                    }
                }
            }
            allLists[indexLists] = null; // free up memory to reduce overhead
        }
    } while (indexLists < allListsSize || indexArray < allArraySize);
}




var foundObject = null;
forEachNested(cars, function(currentValue){
    if(currentValue.constructor === Object &&
      currentValue.label.toLowerCase() === lookForCar) {
        foundObject = currentValue;
    }
});
if (foundObject !== null) {
    console.log("Found the object: " + JSON.stringify(foundObject, null, "\t"));
} else {
    console.log('Nothing found with a label of "' + lookForCar + '" :(');
}

})();

如果您在循环引用方面遇到问题（例如，对象 A 的值是对象 A 本身，例如对象 A 包含自身），或者您只需要键，那么可以使用以下较慢的解决方案。

function forEachNested(O, f){
    O = Object.entries(O);
    var cur;
    function applyToEach(x){return cur[1][x[0]] === x[1]} 
    while (O.length){
        cur = O.pop();
        f(cur[0], cur[1]);
        if (typeof cur[1] === 'object' && cur[1].constructor === Object && 
          !O.some(applyToEach))
            O.push.apply(O, Object.entries(cur[1]));
    }
}

因为这些方法不使用任何类型的递归，所以这些函数非常适合可能有数千个深度级别的领域。堆栈限制因浏览器而异，因此在 Javascript 中递归到未知深度并不是很明智。

@Moekanan forEachNested({name:"VK"},function(key,value){console.log(key,value)});
2021-03-23 00:24:15
你如何运行这个函数？你通过什么？
2021-03-26 00:24:15
@Moekanan 我添加了一个帮助片段来演示如何使用它。
2021-04-09 00:24:15

以下代码假定没有循环引用，并且假定subs始终是一个数组（并且在叶节点中不为空）：

function find(haystack, needle) {
  if (haystack.label === needle) return haystack;
  for (var i = 0; i < haystack.subs.length; i ++) {
    var result = find(haystack.subs[i], needle);
    if (result) return result;
  }
  return null;
}

您可以遍历列表中的每个对象并获取您想要的值。只需将对象作为函数调用中的第一个参数传递，并将对象属性作为第二个参数传递。用你的对象改变对象。

const treeData = [{
        "jssType": "fieldset",
        "jssSelectLabel": "Fieldset (with legend)",
        "jssSelectGroup": "jssItem",
        "jsName": "fieldset-715",
        "jssLabel": "Legend",
        "jssIcon": "typcn typcn-folder",
        "expanded": true,
        "children": [{
                "jssType": "list-ol",
                "jssSelectLabel": "List - ol",
                "jssSelectGroup": "jssItem",
                "jsName": "list-ol-147",
                "jssLabel": "",
                "jssIcon": "dashicons dashicons-editor-ol",
                "noChildren": false,
                "expanded": true,
                "children": [{
                        "jssType": "list-li",
                        "jssSelectLabel": "List Item - li",
                        "jssSelectGroup": "jssItem",
                        "jsName": "list-li-752",
                        "jssLabel": "",
                        "jssIcon": "dashicons dashicons-editor-ul",
                        "noChildren": false,
                        "expanded": true,
                        "children": [{
                            "jssType": "text",
                            "jssSelectLabel": "Text (short text)",
                            "jssSelectGroup": "jsTag",
                            "jsName": "text-422",
                            "jssLabel": "Your Name (required)",
                            "jsRequired": true,
                            "jsTagOptions": [{
                                    "jsOption": "",
                                    "optionLabel": "Default value",
                                    "optionType": "input"
                                },
                                {
                                    "jsOption": "placeholder",
                                    "isChecked": false,
                                    "optionLabel": "Use this text as the placeholder of the field",
                                    "optionType": "checkbox"
                                },
                                {
                                    "jsOption": "akismet_author_email",
                                    "isChecked": false,
                                    "optionLabel": "Akismet - this field requires author's email address",
                                    "optionType": "checkbox"
                                }
                            ],
                            "jsValues": "",
                            "jsPlaceholder": false,
                            "jsAkismetAuthor": false,
                            "jsIdAttribute": "",
                            "jsClassAttribute": "",
                            "jssIcon": "typcn typcn-sort-alphabetically",
                            "noChildren": true
                        }]
                    },
                    {
                        "jssType": "list-li",
                        "jssSelectLabel": "List Item - li",
                        "jssSelectGroup": "jssItem",
                        "jsName": "list-li-538",
                        "jssLabel": "",
                        "jssIcon": "dashicons dashicons-editor-ul",
                        "noChildren": false,
                        "expanded": true,
                        "children": [{
                            "jssType": "email",
                            "jssSelectLabel": "Email",
                            "jssSelectGroup": "jsTag",
                            "jsName": "email-842",
                            "jssLabel": "Email Address (required)",
                            "jsRequired": true,
                            "jsTagOptions": [{
                                    "jsOption": "",
                                    "optionLabel": "Default value",
                                    "optionType": "input"
                                },
                                {
                                    "jsOption": "placeholder",
                                    "isChecked": false,
                                    "optionLabel": "Use this text as the placeholder of the field",
                                    "optionType": "checkbox"
                                },
                                {
                                    "jsOption": "akismet_author_email",
                                    "isChecked": false,
                                    "optionLabel": "Akismet - this field requires author's email address",
                                    "optionType": "checkbox"
                                }
                            ],
                            "jsValues": "",
                            "jsPlaceholder": false,
                            "jsAkismetAuthorEmail": false,
                            "jsIdAttribute": "",
                            "jsClassAttribute": "",
                            "jssIcon": "typcn typcn-mail",
                            "noChildren": true
                        }]
                    },
                    {
                        "jssType": "list-li",
                        "jssSelectLabel": "List Item - li",
                        "jssSelectGroup": "jssItem",
                        "jsName": "list-li-855",
                        "jssLabel": "",
                        "jssIcon": "dashicons dashicons-editor-ul",
                        "noChildren": false,
                        "expanded": true,
                        "children": [{
                            "jssType": "textarea",
                            "jssSelectLabel": "Textarea (long text)",
                            "jssSelectGroup": "jsTag",
                            "jsName": "textarea-217",
                            "jssLabel": "Your Message",
                            "jsRequired": false,
                            "jsTagOptions": [{
                                    "jsOption": "",
                                    "optionLabel": "Default value",
                                    "optionType": "input"
                                },
                                {
                                    "jsOption": "placeholder",
                                    "isChecked": false,
                                    "optionLabel": "Use this text as the placeholder of the field",
                                    "optionType": "checkbox"
                                }
                            ],
                            "jsValues": "",
                            "jsPlaceholder": false,
                            "jsIdAttribute": "",
                            "jsClassAttribute": "",
                            "jssIcon": "typcn typcn-document-text",
                            "noChildren": true
                        }]
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "jssType": "paragraph",
                "jssSelectLabel": "Paragraph - p",
                "jssSelectGroup": "jssItem",
                "jsName": "paragraph-993",
                "jssContent": "* Required",
                "jssIcon": "dashicons dashicons-editor-paragraph",
                "noChildren": true
            }
        ]
        
    },
    {
        "jssType": "submit",
        "jssSelectLabel": "Submit",
        "jssSelectGroup": "jsTag",
        "jsName": "submit-704",
        "jssLabel": "Send",
        "jsValues": "",
        "jsRequired": false,
        "jsIdAttribute": "",
        "jsClassAttribute": "",
        "jssIcon": "typcn typcn-mail",
        "noChildren": true
    },
    
];




 function findObjectByLabel(obj, label) {
       for(var elements in obj){
           if (elements === label){
                console.log(obj[elements]);
           }
            if(typeof obj[elements] === 'object'){
            findObjectByLabel(obj[elements], 'jssType');
           }
          
       }
};

 findObjectByLabel(treeData, 'jssType');

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