在您的useEffect. 当你向下滚动的valuewindow.scrollY会增加，如1，2，... 100 ...（单位：像素）和更新您color在useState按了 window.scrollY。尝试这样的事情

const StyledBody = window.styled.div`
  background: lightgray;
  height: 5000px;
`;

const StyledText = window.styled.h4`
  text-align: center;
  width: 250px;
  margin: auto;
  line-height: 40px;
`;

const StyledHeader = window.styled.div`
  background-color: ${props => props.color};
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0px;
  padding: 0;
  z-index: 10000;
  transition: all 1s ease-in-out;
`;

const Header = () => {
  const [color, setColor] = React.useState("rgba(17, 42, 107, 0.7)");

  const handleScroll = React.useCallback((event) => {
    let scrollTop = window.scrollY;

      //console.log(scrollTop );  //1,2,...100,...200...etc (in px)

      if (scrollTop >= 20 && scrollTop < 50) {
        setColor("yellow");
      }

      if (scrollTop >= 50 && scrollTop < 90) {
        setColor("red");
      }

      if (scrollTop >= 90 && scrollTop < 120) {
        setColor("green");
      }
      if (scrollTop >= 120 && scrollTop < 150) {
        setColor("blue");
      }
      if (scrollTop >= 150 && scrollTop < 180) {
        setColor("violet");
      }
      if (scrollTop >= 180 && scrollTop < 210) {
        setColor("purple");
      }
});

  React.useEffect(() => {
    window.addEventListener("scroll", handleScroll);
    return () => {
      window.removeEventListener("scroll", handleScroll, false);
    };
  }, []);

  return (
    <StyledBody>
      <StyledHeader color={color}>
        <StyledText>My background color changes</StyledText>
      </StyledHeader>
    </StyledBody>
  );
};

export default Header;

这是一个工作演示..根据您的需要更改代码。演示

编辑：我为您添加了样式组件。检查一下，让我知道它是否适合你。要了解有关这些挂钩的更多信息，请访问useEffect和useCallback

我自己没有运行过这段代码，但可能是这样的：

const Header = () => {
  const headerEl = React.useRef();
  const [offsetTop, setOffsetTop] = React.useState(0);

  React.useEffect(() => {
    window.addEventListener("scroll", onScroll, false);
    return () => {
      window.removeEventListener("scroll", onScroll, false); // to remove scroll event on unmount
    };
  }, []);

  const onScroll = () => setOffsetTop(headerEl.current.offsetTop);

  return (
    <StyledHeader ref={headerEl} className={offsetTop > 400 ? "active" : ""}>
      ...
    </StyledHeader>
  );
};

export default Header;