在 Javascript 中,有没有办法在使用 push、pop、shift 或基于索引的赋值修改数组时收到通知?我想要一些可以触发我可以处理的事件的东西。
我知道watch()
SpiderMonkey 中的功能,但只有在整个变量设置为其他内容时才有效。
在 Javascript 中,有没有办法在使用 push、pop、shift 或基于索引的赋值修改数组时收到通知?我想要一些可以触发我可以处理的事件的东西。
我知道watch()
SpiderMonkey 中的功能,但只有在整个变量设置为其他内容时才有效。
有几个选项...
走快速而肮脏的路线,您可以覆盖push()
数组1的方法:
Object.defineProperty(myArray, "push", {
// hide from for..in and prevent further overrides (via default descriptor values)
value: function () {
for (var i = 0, n = this.length, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++, n++) {
RaiseMyEvent(this, n, this[n] = arguments[i]); // assign/raise your event
}
return n;
}
});
1或者,如果您想针对所有数组,您可以覆盖Array.prototype.push()
. 不过要小心;您环境中的其他代码可能不喜欢或不希望进行这种修改。尽管如此,如果一个包罗万象的内容听起来很吸引人,只需将其替换myArray
为Array.prototype
.
现在,这只是一种方法,有很多方法可以更改数组内容。我们可能需要更全面的东西......
您可以创建自己的可观察数组,而不是覆盖方法。这个特定的实现将一个数组复制到一个新的类似数组的对象中,并提供自定义push()
, pop()
, shift()
, unshift()
,slice()
和splice()
方法以及自定义索引访问器(前提是数组大小只能通过上述方法之一或length
属性进行修改)。
function ObservableArray(items) {
var _self = this,
_array = [],
_handlers = {
itemadded: [],
itemremoved: [],
itemset: []
};
function defineIndexProperty(index) {
if (!(index in _self)) {
Object.defineProperty(_self, index, {
configurable: true,
enumerable: true,
get: function() {
return _array[index];
},
set: function(v) {
_array[index] = v;
raiseEvent({
type: "itemset",
index: index,
item: v
});
}
});
}
}
function raiseEvent(event) {
_handlers[event.type].forEach(function(h) {
h.call(_self, event);
});
}
Object.defineProperty(_self, "addEventListener", {
configurable: false,
enumerable: false,
writable: false,
value: function(eventName, handler) {
eventName = ("" + eventName).toLowerCase();
if (!(eventName in _handlers)) throw new Error("Invalid event name.");
if (typeof handler !== "function") throw new Error("Invalid handler.");
_handlers[eventName].push(handler);
}
});
Object.defineProperty(_self, "removeEventListener", {
configurable: false,
enumerable: false,
writable: false,
value: function(eventName, handler) {
eventName = ("" + eventName).toLowerCase();
if (!(eventName in _handlers)) throw new Error("Invalid event name.");
if (typeof handler !== "function") throw new Error("Invalid handler.");
var h = _handlers[eventName];
var ln = h.length;
while (--ln >= 0) {
if (h[ln] === handler) {
h.splice(ln, 1);
}
}
}
});
Object.defineProperty(_self, "push", {
configurable: false,
enumerable: false,
writable: false,
value: function() {
var index;
for (var i = 0, ln = arguments.length; i < ln; i++) {
index = _array.length;
_array.push(arguments[i]);
defineIndexProperty(index);
raiseEvent({
type: "itemadded",
index: index,
item: arguments[i]
});
}
return _array.length;
}
});
Object.defineProperty(_self, "pop", {
configurable: false,
enumerable: false,
writable: false,
value: function() {
if (_array.length > -1) {
var index = _array.length - 1,
item = _array.pop();
delete _self[index];
raiseEvent({
type: "itemremoved",
index: index,
item: item
});
return item;
}
}
});
Object.defineProperty(_self, "unshift", {
configurable: false,
enumerable: false,
writable: false,
value: function() {
for (var i = 0, ln = arguments.length; i < ln; i++) {
_array.splice(i, 0, arguments[i]);
defineIndexProperty(_array.length - 1);
raiseEvent({
type: "itemadded",
index: i,
item: arguments[i]
});
}
for (; i < _array.length; i++) {
raiseEvent({
type: "itemset",
index: i,
item: _array[i]
});
}
return _array.length;
}
});
Object.defineProperty(_self, "shift", {
configurable: false,
enumerable: false,
writable: false,
value: function() {
if (_array.length > -1) {
var item = _array.shift();
delete _self[_array.length];
raiseEvent({
type: "itemremoved",
index: 0,
item: item
});
return item;
}
}
});
Object.defineProperty(_self, "splice", {
configurable: false,
enumerable: false,
writable: false,
value: function(index, howMany /*, element1, element2, ... */ ) {
var removed = [],
item,
pos;
index = index == null ? 0 : index < 0 ? _array.length + index : index;
howMany = howMany == null ? _array.length - index : howMany > 0 ? howMany : 0;
while (howMany--) {
item = _array.splice(index, 1)[0];
removed.push(item);
delete _self[_array.length];
raiseEvent({
type: "itemremoved",
index: index + removed.length - 1,
item: item
});
}
for (var i = 2, ln = arguments.length; i < ln; i++) {
_array.splice(index, 0, arguments[i]);
defineIndexProperty(_array.length - 1);
raiseEvent({
type: "itemadded",
index: index,
item: arguments[i]
});
index++;
}
return removed;
}
});
Object.defineProperty(_self, "length", {
configurable: false,
enumerable: false,
get: function() {
return _array.length;
},
set: function(value) {
var n = Number(value);
var length = _array.length;
if (n % 1 === 0 && n >= 0) {
if (n < length) {
_self.splice(n);
} else if (n > length) {
_self.push.apply(_self, new Array(n - length));
}
} else {
throw new RangeError("Invalid array length");
}
_array.length = n;
return value;
}
});
Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Array.prototype).forEach(function(name) {
if (!(name in _self)) {
Object.defineProperty(_self, name, {
configurable: false,
enumerable: false,
writable: false,
value: Array.prototype[name]
});
}
});
if (items instanceof Array) {
_self.push.apply(_self, items);
}
}
(function testing() {
var x = new ObservableArray(["a", "b", "c", "d"]);
console.log("original array: %o", x.slice());
x.addEventListener("itemadded", function(e) {
console.log("Added %o at index %d.", e.item, e.index);
});
x.addEventListener("itemset", function(e) {
console.log("Set index %d to %o.", e.index, e.item);
});
x.addEventListener("itemremoved", function(e) {
console.log("Removed %o at index %d.", e.item, e.index);
});
console.log("popping and unshifting...");
x.unshift(x.pop());
console.log("updated array: %o", x.slice());
console.log("reversing array...");
console.log("updated array: %o", x.reverse().slice());
console.log("splicing...");
x.splice(1, 2, "x");
console.log("setting index 2...");
x[2] = "foo";
console.log("setting length to 10...");
x.length = 10;
console.log("updated array: %o", x.slice());
console.log("setting length to 2...");
x.length = 2;
console.log("extracting first element via shift()");
x.shift();
console.log("updated array: %o", x.slice());
})();
请参阅以供参考。Object.defineProperty()
这让我们更接近,但它仍然不是防弹...这让我们:
一个代理对象提供了另一种解决方案,以现代的浏览器。它允许您拦截方法调用、访问器等。最重要的是,您甚至可以在不提供显式属性名称的情况下执行此操作……这将允许您测试任意的、基于索引的访问/分配。您甚至可以拦截属性删除。代理将有效地允许您在决定允许之前检查更改......除了在事后处理更改之外。
这是一个精简的样本:
(function() {
if (!("Proxy" in window)) {
console.warn("Your browser doesn't support Proxies.");
return;
}
// our backing array
var array = ["a", "b", "c", "d"];
// a proxy for our array
var proxy = new Proxy(array, {
apply: function(target, thisArg, argumentsList) {
return thisArg[target].apply(this, argumentList);
},
deleteProperty: function(target, property) {
console.log("Deleted %s", property);
return true;
},
set: function(target, property, value, receiver) {
target[property] = value;
console.log("Set %s to %o", property, value);
return true;
}
});
console.log("Set a specific index..");
proxy[0] = "x";
console.log("Add via push()...");
proxy.push("z");
console.log("Add/remove via splice()...");
proxy.splice(1, 3, "y");
console.log("Current state of array: %o", array);
})();
通过阅读此处的所有答案,我组装了一个不需要任何外部库的简化解决方案。
它还更好地说明了该方法的总体思路:
function processQ() {
// ... this will be called on each .push
}
var myEventsQ = [];
myEventsQ.push = function() { Array.prototype.push.apply(this, arguments); processQ();};
我使用以下代码来监听对数组的更改。
/* @arr array you want to listen to
@callback function that will be called on any change inside array
*/
function listenChangesinArray(arr,callback){
// Add more methods here if you want to listen to them
['pop','push','reverse','shift','unshift','splice','sort'].forEach((m)=>{
arr[m] = function(){
var res = Array.prototype[m].apply(arr, arguments); // call normal behaviour
callback.apply(arr, arguments); // finally call the callback supplied
return res;
}
});
}
希望这是有用的:)
我发现以下似乎可以完成此操作:https : //github.com/mennovanslooten/Observable-Arrays
Observable-Arrays 扩展下划线,可以如下使用:(来自该页面)
// For example, take any array:
var a = ['zero', 'one', 'two', 'trhee'];
// Add a generic observer function to that array:
_.observe(a, function() {
alert('something happened');
});
@canon 最受好评的Override push 方法解决方案有一些副作用,对我来说很不方便:
它使 push 属性描述符不同(writable
并且configurable
应该设置true
而不是false
),这会导致稍后出现异常。
当push()
使用多个参数(例如myArray.push("a", "b")
)调用一次时,它会多次引发事件,这在我的情况下是不必要的并且对性能不利。
所以这是我能找到的最好的解决方案,它解决了以前的问题,在我看来更清晰/更简单/更容易理解。
Object.defineProperty(myArray, "push", {
configurable: true,
enumerable: false,
writable: true, // Previous values based on Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Array.prototype, "push")
value: function (...args)
{
let result = Array.prototype.push.apply(this, args); // Original push() implementation based on https://github.com/vuejs/vue/blob/f2b476d4f4f685d84b4957e6c805740597945cde/src/core/observer/array.js and https://github.com/vuejs/vue/blob/daed1e73557d57df244ad8d46c9afff7208c9a2d/src/core/util/lang.js
RaiseMyEvent();
return result; // Original push() implementation
}
});
请参阅我的来源的评论以及关于如何实现除 push 之外的其他变异函数的提示:'pop'、'shift'、'unshift'、'splice'、'sort'、'reverse'。