网络工程 - 华为Quidway 5300交换机组播路由 - 吾爱随笔录

华为Quidway 5300交换机组播路由

网络工程多播 igmp 华为皮姆

2021-07-03 20:10:20

我一直在测试一个场景，它涉及多播流量的多播路由，这个场景非常简单。

我有两台 L3 交换机，它们之间运行着 OSPF，两台计算机连接在交换机的两端，一台作为多播服务器，另一台作为多播客户端。

两台交换机上都启用了多播以及使用PIM DM 的多播路由。我还在两端使用 VLC 使用多播组地址225.1.1.1进行多播流量；但是，此设置似乎无法按预期工作。

网络图：

客户端交换机配置：

sysname CLIENT-SW
#
vlan batch 5 10
#
stp enable
#
multicast routing-enable
#
telnet server enable
telnet ipv6 server enable
#
undo http server enable
undo http secure-server enable
#
undo management-port isolate enable
undo management-plane isolate enable
#
dhcp enable
#
aaa
 authentication-scheme default
 authorization-scheme default
 accounting-scheme default                
 domain default
 domain default_admin
 local-user admin password irreversible-cipher 
 local-user admin service-type http
#
interface Vlanif5
description CLIENT-NETWORK
ip address 192.168.0.254 255.255.255.0
pim dm
igmp enable
dhcp select interface
dhcp server dns-list 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.3
#
interface Vlanif10
description TO-SW-2
ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
pim dm
#
interface MEth0/0/1
#
...

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/22
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23
 description TO-MULTICAST-CLIENT
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 5                      
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/24
 description TO-SW-2
 port link-type trunk
 undo port trunk allow-pass vlan 1
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 10
#
interface NULL0
#
ospf 2
 import-route direct type 1
 area 0.0.0.0
 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 description TO-SW-2
#  
igmp
#
ssh server compatible-ssh1x enable
#
user-interface con 0
user-interface vty 0 4
protocol inbound telnet
user-interface vty 16 20
protocol inbound telnet

服务器交换机配置：

sysname SERVER-SW
#
vlan batch 5 10
#
stp enable
#
multicast routing-enable
#
telnet server enable
telnet ipv6 server enable
#
undo http server enable
undo http secure-server enable
#
undo management-port isolate enable
undo management-plane isolate enable
#
dhcp enable
#
aaa
 authentication-scheme default
 authorization-scheme default
 accounting-scheme default                
 domain default
 domain default_admin
 local-user admin password irreversible-cipher 
 local-user admin service-type http
#
interface Vlanif5
 description SERVER-NETWORK
 ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
 pim dm
 dhcp select interface
 dhcp server dns-list 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.3
#
interface Vlanif10
 description TO-SW-1
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
 pim dm
#
 interface MEth0/0/1
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/23
 description MULTICAST-SERVER
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 5
 stp edged-port enable
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/24
 description TO-SW-1
 port link-type trunk                     
 undo port trunk allow-pass vlan 1
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 10
#
interface NULL0
#
ospf 2
 import-route direct type 1
 area 0.0.0.0
  network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3 description TO-SW-1
#
igmp
#
pim
#
ssh server compatible-ssh1x enable
#
user-interface con 0
user-interface vty 0 4
 protocol inbound telnet
user-interface vty 16 20
 protocol inbound telnet
#
return

编辑：

Client SW与组播相关的输出如下：

<CLIENT-SW>display  igmp group 
Interface group report information
 Vlanif5(192.168.0.254): 
  Total 1 IGMP Group reported
   Group Address   Last Reporter   Uptime      Expires     
   239.255.255.250 192.168.0.253   00:01:45    00:01:42    

   =======================================================================

<CLIENT-SW>display  pim routing-table 
 VPN-Instance: public net
 Total 1 (*, G) entry; 2 (S, G) entries

 (*, 239.255.255.250)
     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: WC 
     UpTime: 00:01:59
     Upstream interface: NULL
         Upstream neighbor: NULL
         RPF prime neighbor: NULL
     Downstream interface(s) information:
     Total number of downstreams: 1
         1: Vlanif5
             Protocol: igmp, UpTime: 00:01:59, Expires: never

 (192.168.0.253, 239.255.255.250)
    Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: LOC ACT 
     UpTime: 00:02:02
     Upstream interface: Vlanif5
         Upstream neighbor: NULL
         RPF prime neighbor: NULL
     Downstream interface(s) information:
     Total number of downstreams: 1
         1: Vlanif10
             Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:02:02, Expires: never

 (192.168.1.252, 239.255.255.250)
     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: ACT 
     UpTime: 00:03:17                     
     Upstream interface: Vlanif10
         Upstream neighbor: 10.1.1.1
        RPF prime neighbor: 10.1.1.1
     Downstream interface(s) information:
     Total number of downstreams: 1
         1: Vlanif5
             Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:01:59, Expires:  - 

 ===============================================================================

<CLIENT-SW>display  pim neighbor 
 VPN-Instance: public net
 Total Number of Neighbors = 1

 Neighbor        Interface           Uptime   Expires  Dr-Priority  BFD-Session
 10.1.1.1        Vlanif10            05:59:11 00:01:35 1            N     

 ===========================================================================

<CLIENT-SW>display pim interface
 VPN-Instance: public net
 Interface           State NbrCnt HelloInt   DR-Pri     DR-Address
 Vlanif10            up    1      30         1          10.1.1.2        (local)
 Vlanif5             up    0      30         1          192.168.0.254   (local)

SERVER SW 与组播相关的输出如下：

<SERVER-SW>display  pim routing-table 
 VPN-Instance: public net
 Total 2 (*, G) entries; 3 (S, G) entries

 (*, 239.1.1.1)
     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: WC 
     UpTime: 00:05:48
     Upstream interface: NULL
         Upstream neighbor: NULL
         RPF prime neighbor: NULL
     Downstream interface(s) information:
     Total number of downstreams: 1
         1: Vlanif5
             Protocol: static, UpTime: 00:05:48, Expires: never

 (192.168.1.252, 239.1.1.1)
     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: LOC ACT 
     UpTime: 00:02:57
     Upstream interface: Vlanif5
         Upstream neighbor: NULL
         RPF prime neighbor: NULL
     Downstream interface(s) information: None

 (*, 239.255.255.250)
     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: WC 
     UpTime: 00:05:45
     Upstream interface: NULL
         Upstream neighbor: NULL
         RPF prime neighbor: NULL         
     Downstream interface(s) information:
     Total number of downstreams: 1
         1: Vlanif5
             Protocol: igmp, UpTime: 00:05:45, Expires: never

 (192.168.0.253, 239.255.255.250)
     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: 
     UpTime: 00:04:21
     Upstream interface: Vlanif10
         Upstream neighbor: 10.1.1.2
         RPF prime neighbor: 10.1.1.2
     Downstream interface(s) information:
     Total number of downstreams: 1
         1: Vlanif5
             Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:04:21, Expires:  - 

 (192.168.1.252, 239.255.255.250)
     Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: LOC ACT 
     UpTime: 00:05:43
     Upstream interface: Vlanif5
         Upstream neighbor: NULL
         RPF prime neighbor: NULL
    Downstream interface(s) information:
     Total number of downstreams: 1       
         1: Vlanif10
             Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:04:24, Expires: never

  =========================================================================

<SERVER-SW>         display  pim interface 
 VPN-Instance: public net
 Interface           State NbrCnt HelloInt   DR-Pri     DR-Address
 Vlanif5             up    0      30         1          192.168.1.254   (local)
 Vlanif10            up    1      30         1          10.1.1.2       

 ==========================================================================

<SERVER-SW>display  pim neighbor 
 VPN-Instance: public net
 Total Number of Neighbors = 1

 Neighbor        Interface           Uptime   Expires  Dr-Priority  BFD-Session
 10.1.1.2        Vlanif10            06:00:48 00:01:28 1            N

3个回答

自从我使用 VLC 已经有一段时间了，但是当您设置服务器端时，请检查以确保您的流的 TTL 未设置为 1（曾经是默认值），否则流将永远不会遍历两者拓扑中的跃点数。

组播显然适用于 239.255.255.250 组：

Server 和 Client PC 均已加入该组（通过 IGMP）
两者都在发送到组中，可以看到 (S,G) 条目：
- (192.168.1.252, 239.255.255.250) - 服务器发送到组
- (192.168.0.253, 239.255.255.250) - 客户端发送到组
这些 (S,G) 条目在两台交换机上都有正确的上行和下行接口，以允许端到端转发

因此， 239.255.255.250 似乎可以正常工作。

有问题的组 (239.1.1.1) 在服务器交换机上显示一个 (S,G) 条目：

(192.168.1.252, 239.1.1.1)

因此，服务器 PC 正在向该组发送。

客户端 PC 尚未加入该组（无 IGMP 条目）。这是一个问题，需要调查，因为如果客户端 PC 没有请求组，流量将不会转发端到端。调查客户端 PC 应用程序并使其加入组。

我通常希望在 Cisco 设备上看到服务器交换机上 (192.168.1.252, 239.1.1.1) 条目的修剪后的下游接口，并且还希望在没有下游的客户端交换机上看到相同的 (S,G) 条目接口，以及标记为修剪的条目。这可能是由于华为报告修剪组的方式，或者正如 Benjamin 提到的，可能是 TTL VLC 正在设置的问题。

首先调查客户端问题。镜像客户端交换机上的端口并运行 Wireshark，看看它是否正在发送 239.1.1.1 的 IGMP 加入。如果不是，那么这是一个应用程序问题。

编辑：OP 确认，以下解决了该问题：

修复了错误的客户端 PC（未加入组）
在服务器 PC 上将 TTL 增加到 200
在客户端启用 IGMP 侦听

225.1.1.1是由IANA保留所以很可能是5300个滤波器这个演员。

你应该尝试使用的地址处特设块之一224.0.2.0 - 224.0.255.255，224.3.0.0-224.4.255.255或233.252.0.0-233.255.255.255。

其它你可能感兴趣的问题

上一篇将二层交换机端口连接到三层端口下一篇Cisco QoS算法——分类过程