我的网络上出现了奇怪的 2960 行为

网络工程 cisco催化剂
2021-07-08 19:34:47

我的大楼里有一堆 Cisco 路由器和交换机。基本上,每个建筑物都有一个路由器和一个或多个交换机。我对每个建筑物只使用两个 VLAN:VLAN1 是数据 VLAN(也是本机),VLAN200 是语音 VLAN。每个交换机的 VLAN 都“连接”到其各自建筑物的路由器 (802.1q) 上的子接口,并且在每个交换机上,连接到路由器子接口的端口都配置为中继端口,因此我们有两个 VLAN 邻接。

我注意到,当我尝试访问(ping)远程子网时,具有 IOS 12.2 的交换机可以“选择”正确的 VLAN 接口。所有交换机都192.168.X.0/24用于数据和10.10.X.0 /24语音,所以如果我尝试 ping 192.168.1.2,交换机使用 VLAN 接口 ( 192.168.20.2) 作为其源 ping 的接口,如果我尝试 ping 我的呼叫管理器 ( 10.10.254.1),交换机使用 VLAN 接口10.10.248.2作为其源.

具有 IOS 15(新的)的交换机,具有相同的配置并连接到相同类型的路由器(如具有 IOS 12.2 的交换机),不使用正确的 VLAN 接口。他们总是使用语音 VLAN 接口(在我的例子中是 200),所以如果我想期待来自远程设备的回复(当然取决于远程目标子网),我必须选择源接口。奇怪的行为,因为我在不同的地方使用基本相同的配置。新交换机使用“dual-ipv4-and-ipv6”模板,旧交换机(12.2)使用“桌面默认”模板。交换机后面的计算机没有任何连接问题,因为路由器将数据包路由到正确的目的地,但为什么交换机没有呢?任何的想法?

我不确定我的交换机是否支持路由,在命令“sh sdm prefer”的结果下方:

  default             Default bias
  dual-ipv4-and-ipv6  Support both IPv4 and IPv6
  lanbase-routing     Supports both IPv4 and IPv6 Static Routing
  qos                 QoS bias

这是交换机配置:

Current configuration : 9403 bytes
!
! Last configuration change at 00:09:28 UTC Mon Jun 27 2011 by admin
! NVRAM config last updated at 23:32:34 UTC Sun Jun 26 2011 by admin
!
version 15.0
no service pad
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!

!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
enable secret 5 *Removed*
!
username admin privilege 15 secret 5 *Removed*
no aaa new-model
system mtu routing 1500
!
!
ip domain-name lvdomain.local
ip name-server 192.168.0.43
ip name-server 192.168.0.45
!
mls qos map cos-dscp 0 8 16 24 32 46 48 56
mls qos srr-queue input bandwidth 70 30
mls qos srr-queue input threshold 1 80 90
mls qos srr-queue input priority-queue 2 bandwidth 30
mls qos srr-queue input cos-map queue 1 threshold 2 3
mls qos srr-queue input cos-map queue 1 threshold 3 6 7
mls qos srr-queue input cos-map queue 2 threshold 1 4
mls qos srr-queue input dscp-map queue 1 threshold 2 24
mls qos srr-queue input dscp-map queue 1 threshold 3 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
mls qos srr-queue input dscp-map queue 1 threshold 3 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
mls qos srr-queue input dscp-map queue 2 threshold 3 32 33 40 41 42 43 44 45
mls qos srr-queue input dscp-map queue 2 threshold 3 46 47
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 1 threshold 3 4 5
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 2 threshold 1 2
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 2 threshold 2 3
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 2 threshold 3 6 7
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 3 threshold 3 0
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 4 threshold 3 1
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 1 threshold 3 32 33 40 41 42 43 44 45
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 1 threshold 3 46 47
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 1 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 1 26 27 28 29 30 31 34 35
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 1 36 37 38 39
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 2 24
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 3 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 3 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 3 threshold 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 4 threshold 1 8 9 11 13 15
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 4 threshold 2 10 12 14
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 1 100 100 50 200
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 2 125 125 100 400
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 3 100 100 100 400
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 4 60 150 50 200
mls qos queue-set output 1 buffers 15 25 40 20
mls qos
!
crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-3287232768
 enrollment selfsigned
 subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-3287232768
 revocation-check none
 rsakeypair TP-self-signed-3287232768
!
!
crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-3287232768
 certificate self-signed 01
  *Removed*
        quit
spanning-tree mode pvst
spanning-tree extend system-id
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
vlan internal allocation policy ascending
!
!
class-map match-all AutoQoS-VoIP-RTP-Trust
  match ip dscp ef
class-map match-all AutoQoS-VoIP-Control-Trust
  match ip dscp cs3  af31
!
policy-map AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
 class AutoQoS-VoIP-RTP-Trust
   set dscp ef
  police 1000000 8000 exceed-action policed-dscp-transmit
 class AutoQoS-VoIP-Control-Trust
   set dscp cs3
  police 1000000 8000 exceed-action policed-dscp-transmit
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
 switchport voice vlan 200
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust device cisco-phone
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
 description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
 switchport voice vlan 200
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust device cisco-phone
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
 description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
 switchport voice vlan 200
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust device cisco-phone
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
 description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
 switchport voice vlan 200
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust device cisco-phone
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
 description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
 switchport voice vlan 200
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust device cisco-phone
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/6
 description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
 switchport voice vlan 200
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust device cisco-phone
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/7
 description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
 switchport voice vlan 200
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust device cisco-phone
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/8
 description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
 switchport voice vlan 200
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust device cisco-phone
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/9
 description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
 switchport voice vlan 200
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust device cisco-phone
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/10
 description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
 switchport voice vlan 200
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust device cisco-phone
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/11
 description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
 switchport voice vlan 200
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust device cisco-phone
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/12
 description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
 switchport voice vlan 200
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust device cisco-phone
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 description *****Trunk to FRIAS.3580.1941*****
 switchport mode trunk
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
 description *****Trunk to FRIAS.3580.1941*****
 switchport mode trunk
 srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
 queue-set 2
 priority-queue out
 mls qos trust cos
 auto qos trust
!
interface Vlan1
 description *****3580 Data VLAN 1*****
 ip address 192.168.26.2 255.255.255.0
 no ip route-cache
!
interface Vlan200
 description *****3580 Voice VLAN 200*****
 ip address 10.10.253.2 255.255.255.0
 no ip route-cache
!
ip http server
ip http authentication local
ip http secure-server
!
!
snmp-server community public RO
!
ipv6 access-list IPv6_In_Traffic_Shutdown
 deny ipv6 any any
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
 logging synchronous
 login local
 length 0
line vty 5 15
 login
!
end
4个回答

Cisco 2960 交换机是支持 L3 的交换机。今天的交换机通常不再局限于 L2,路由器/交换机的描述与传统定义相去甚远。

您缺少ip routing配置中命令。如果添加此命令,您会发现 VLAN SVI 可以在交换机上直接相互路由。可以在此处找到有关此功能的更多信息: 在第 3 层交换机上配置 InterVLAN 路由

但是,我在您的交换机上看不到任何路由配置或默认网关,因此我怀疑交换机本身是否可以提供任何远程网络帮助。我怀疑这里使用的是 proxy-arp,主要的类是“选择”VLAN。 代理ARP

我的猜测是本地网络不会自动添加到路由表中。检查show ip route它们是否出现并在必要时添加本地路由。

交换机或路由器默认使用传出接口,如果你有两个具有相同掩码的传出接口,我认为交换机使用最低的IP地址。我从个人经验中知道,如果您在环回上有一个 32 位掩码 ip 地址,那么如果您不定义源,交换机将使用该 ip 进行所有 ping。在您的情况下,当您 ping 位于 10.xxx 网络之外的另一个子网上的设备时,您不会收到回复,因为该网关不知道其他子网,因为它是一个 voip 网络,该网关只知道 voip ip 地址。

您已经为语音 vlan 配置了接口,请尝试使用以下命令作为接口

switchport mode dynamic desirable
switchport voice vlan 200
duplex auto
speed auto
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
spanning-tree portfast
no shutdown

并且还放了ip default-gateway <ip of router interface>.