我相信，最完整（和正确）的方法是：

if (old_key !== new_key) {
    Object.defineProperty(o, new_key,
        Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(o, old_key));
    delete o[old_key];
}

此方法可确保重命名的属性与原始属性的行为相同。

此外，在我看来，将其包装成一个函数/方法并将其放入Object.prototype与您的问题无关。

如果您正在修改源对象，ES6 可以在一行中完成。

delete Object.assign(o, {[newKey]: o[oldKey] })[oldKey];

如果你想创建一个新对象，或者两行。

const newObject = {};
delete Object.assign(newObject, o, {[newKey]: o[oldKey] })[oldKey];

您可以将工作包装在一个函数中并将其分配给Object原型。也许使用流畅的界面风格来进行多次重命名。

Object.prototype.renameProperty = function (oldName, newName) {
     // Do nothing if the names are the same
     if (oldName === newName) {
         return this;
     }
    // Check for the old property name to avoid a ReferenceError in strict mode.
    if (this.hasOwnProperty(oldName)) {
        this[newName] = this[oldName];
        delete this[oldName];
    }
    return this;
};

ECMAScript 5 特定

我希望语法不是那么复杂，但拥有更多控制权绝对是件好事。

Object.defineProperty(
    Object.prototype, 
    'renameProperty',
    {
        writable : false, // Cannot alter this property
        enumerable : false, // Will not show up in a for-in loop.
        configurable : false, // Cannot be deleted via the delete operator
        value : function (oldName, newName) {
            // Do nothing if the names are the same
            if (oldName === newName) {
                return this;
            }
            // Check for the old property name to 
            // avoid a ReferenceError in strict mode.
            if (this.hasOwnProperty(oldName)) {
                this[newName] = this[oldName];
                delete this[oldName];
            }
            return this;
        }
    }
);

如果有人需要重命名属性列表：

function renameKeys(obj, newKeys) {
  const keyValues = Object.keys(obj).map(key => {
    const newKey = newKeys[key] || key;
    return { [newKey]: obj[key] };
  });
  return Object.assign({}, ...keyValues);
}

用法：

const obj = { a: "1", b: "2" };
const newKeys = { a: "A", c: "C" };
const renamedObj = renameKeys(obj, newKeys);
console.log(renamedObj);
// {A:"1", b:"2"}

我只想用的ES6(ES2015)方式！

我们需要与时俱进！

const old_obj = {
    k1: `111`,
    k2: `222`,
    k3: `333`
};
console.log(`old_obj =\n`, old_obj);
// {k1: "111", k2: "222", k3: "333"}


/**
 * @author xgqfrms
 * @description ES6 ...spread & Destructuring Assignment
 */

const {
    k1: kA, 
    k2: kB, 
    k3: kC,
} = {...old_obj}

console.log(`kA = ${kA},`, `kB = ${kB},`, `kC = ${kC}\n`);
// kA = 111, kB = 222, kC = 333

const new_obj = Object.assign(
    {},
    {
        kA,
        kB,
        kC
    }
);

console.log(`new_obj =\n`, new_obj);
// {kA: "111", kB: "222", kC: "333"}