我认为您可能想要的是热图的离散版本。例如，见下文。红色表示最常一起购买，而绿色单元格从不一起购买。

这实际上很容易与 Pandas DataFrames 和 matplotlib 放在一起。

import numpy as np
from pandas import DataFrame
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('agg') # Write figure to disk instead of displaying (for Windows Subsystem for Linux)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

####
# Get data into a data frame
####
data = [
  ['Banana', 'Water', 'Rice'],
  ['Rice', 'Water'],
  ['Bread', 'Banana', 'Juice'],
]

# Convert the input into a 2D dictionary
freqMap = {}
for line in data:
  for item in line:
    if not item in freqMap:
      freqMap[item] = {}

    for other_item in line:
      if not other_item in freqMap:
        freqMap[other_item] = {}

      freqMap[item][other_item] = freqMap[item].get(other_item, 0) + 1
      freqMap[other_item][item] = freqMap[other_item].get(item, 0) + 1

df = DataFrame(freqMap).T.fillna(0)
print (df)

#####
# Create the plot
#####
plt.pcolormesh(df, edgecolors='black')
plt.yticks(np.arange(0.5, len(df.index), 1), df.index)
plt.xticks(np.arange(0.5, len(df.columns), 1), df.columns)
plt.savefig('plot.png')

对于R，您可以使用库ArulesViz。有很好的文档，在第 12 页，有如何创建这种可视化的示例。

代码就这么简单：

plot(rules, method="grouped")

使用Mathematica中的Wolfram 语言。

data = {{"Banana", "Water", "Rice"},
        {"Rice", "Water"},
        {"Bread", "Banana", "Juice"}};

获得成对计数。

counts = Sort /@ Flatten[Subsets[#, {2}] & /@ data, 1] // Tally

{{{"Banana", "Water"}, 1}, {{"Banana", "Rice"}, 1}, 
 {{"Rice", "Water"}, 2}, {{"Banana", "Bread"}, 1}, 
 {{"Bread", "Juice"}, 1}, {{"Banana", "Juice"}, 1}}

获取命名刻度的索引。

indices = Thread[# -> Range[Length@#]] &@Sort@DeleteDuplicates@Flatten[data]

{"Banana" -> 1, "Bread" -> 2, "Juice" -> 3, "Rice" -> 4, "Water" -> 5}

MatrixPlot使用绘图SparseArray。也可以使用ArrayPlot。

MatrixPlot[
 SparseArray[Rule @@@ counts /. indices, ConstantArray[Length@indices, 2]],
 FrameTicks -> With[{t = {#2, #1} & @@@ indices}, {{t, None}, {t, None}}],
 PlotLegends -> Automatic
 ]

请注意，它是上三角形。

希望这可以帮助。

您可以在 python 中使用 seaborn 可视化库（构建在 matplotlib 之上）来执行此操作。

data = [
  ['Banana', 'Water', 'Rice'],
  ['Rice', 'Water'],
  ['Bread', 'Banana', 'Juice'],
]

# Pull out combinations
from itertools import combinations
data_pairs = []
for d in data:
    data_pairs += [list(sorted(x)) + [1] for x in combinations(d, 2)]
    # Add reverse as well (this will mirror the heatmap)
    data_pairs += [list(sorted(x))[::-1] + [1] for x in combinations(d, 2)]

# Shape into dataframe
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame(data_pairs)
df_zeros = pd.DataFrame([list(x) + [0] for x in combinations(df[[0, 1]].values.flatten(), 2)])
df = pd.concat((df, df_zeros))
df = df.groupby([0, 1])[2].sum().reset_index().pivot(0, 1, 2).fillna(0)

import seaborn as sns
from matplotlib.pyplot import plt
sns.heatmap(df, cmap='YlGnBu')
plt.show()

最终的数据框df如下所示：

结果可视化是：