我正在尝试创建一个简单的低通滤波器，但是在查看一个简单的巴特沃斯滤波器的频率响应时，我得到了一个令人惊讶的结果。

我从另一篇文章中复制了下面的大部分示例。我在脚本底部添加了一些代码，以将输入和输出频谱与滤波器的频率响应进行比较。我希望输出频谱 $\mathbf B$ 应该是输入频谱 $\mathbf A$ 和频率响应 $\mathbf H$ 的乘积：

然而，下图显示滤波器实际上增加了一些低频分量 - 看看红线是如何在 $4\textrm{ Hz}$ 附近的绿色上方。

谁能解释这是为什么？

import numpy as np
from scipy.signal import butter, lfilter, freqz
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.fftpack import fft as fft
def butter_lowpass(cutoff, fs, order=5):
    nyq = 0.5 * fs
    normal_cutoff = cutoff / nyq
    b, a = butter(order, normal_cutoff, btype='low', analog=False)
    return b, a

def butter_lowpass_filter(data, cutoff, fs, order=5):
    b, a = butter_lowpass(cutoff, fs, order=order)
    y = lfilter(b, a, data)
    return y


# Filter requirements.
order = 6
fs = 30.0       # sample rate, Hz
cutoff = 3.667  # desired cutoff frequency of the filter, Hz

# Get the filter coefficients so we can check its frequency response.
b, a = butter_lowpass(cutoff, fs, order)

# Plot the frequency response.
w, h = freqz(b, a, worN=8000)
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.plot(0.5*fs*w/np.pi, np.abs(h), 'b')
plt.plot(cutoff, 0.5*np.sqrt(2), 'ko')
plt.axvline(cutoff, color='k')
plt.xlim(0, 0.5*fs)
plt.title("Lowpass Filter Frequency Response")
plt.xlabel('Frequency [Hz]')
plt.grid()


# Demonstrate the use of the filter.
# First make some data to be filtered.
T = 5.0         # seconds
n = int(T * fs) # total number of samples
t = np.linspace(0, T, n, endpoint=False)
# "Noisy" data.  We want to recover the 1.2 Hz signal from this.
data = np.sin(1.2*2*np.pi*t) + 1.5*np.cos(9*2*np.pi*t) + 0.5*np.sin(12.0*2*np.pi*t)

# Filter the data, and plot both the original and filtered signals.
y = butter_lowpass_filter(data, cutoff, fs, order)

plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.plot(t, data, 'b-', label='data')
plt.plot(t, y, 'g-', linewidth=2, label='filtered data')
plt.xlabel('Time [sec]')
plt.grid()
plt.legend()

plt.subplots_adjust(hspace=0.35)
plt.show()

def calculateFFT(time,signal):
    N=len(signal)      
    df=1/((time[-1]-time[0]))
    frequencies=[i*df for i in range(int(N/2.0))]
    fftValues = [2.0/N*abs(i) for i in fft(signal,N)[0:N/2.0] ]
    return frequencies,fftValues

plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
originalfreqs,originalFFT=calculateFFT(t,data)
plt.plot(originalfreqs,originalFFT,"g",label="original")

filteredfreqs,filteredFFT=calculateFFT(t,y)
plt.plot(filteredfreqs,filteredFFT,"r",label="filtered")
plt.legend()