为什么模拟电压参考电路中有一个 0R 电阻连接 GND 和 AGND?

电器工程 接地 电压参考
2022-01-05 11:54:07

这与我刚刚发布的另一个问题有关(What's the purpose of a ferrite beadductor on this circuit?),关于AVR450 应用笔记中描述的电池充电器 - SLA、NiCd、NiMH 和锂离子电池的电池充电器,我希望有一天能建造出来。

在第 40 页,有一个显示 MCU 连接的示意图(下图)。红色标记的是一个 0Ω 电阻,这让我很困惑。我怀疑它只是一个跳线链接AGNDGND. 但我不明白为什么那里有跳线。

示意图

我的问题:

  1. 跳线代表什么?
  2. 为什么会AGND和这样GND 分开
3个回答

数字电路很嘈杂,但它们(大部分)可以在不注意的情况下处理自己的噪声。模拟电路会注意到很多噪声;事实上,它们必须像信号一样传递噪声,因为它们真的无法区分。

将数字噪声排除在模拟电路之外的最佳方法是使它们在物理上和电气上保持分离。但是它们必须以某种方式连接才能从一个转换到另一个,因此跳线恰好位于一个位置,这可能在物理板上的转换器旁边。

我将重复我在您之前的问题中所写的内容并对其进行一些扩展:

R33 可能被认为允许在模拟接地中使用铁氧体磁珠(通常不是一个好主意),或者它可以用作网络连接以强制模拟接地网络和接地之间的单点连接。

在工程师和布局人员之间的沟通中,有时更容易给连接在一起的两个网络提供不同的名称并将它们连接到一个点,或者使用物理 0R (0\$\Omega\$) 电阻器或使用称为网络的东西tie,它在电路板上显示为铜,但在原理图中看起来像是连接两个网络的组件。

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显然,网络连接的成本低于 0R 电阻器(短路跳线)。

另一个想法是尝试在模拟和数字接地之间放置一些阻抗——这几乎总是一个坏主意。如果两个地之间的差异在任何时候超过几百毫伏,就会发生不好的事情。如果可能的话,通常最好将它们紧密地连接在一起并连接到坚固的接地平面上。

  1. 跳线代表一个零欧姆电阻。它像跳线一样用在PCB上。如果已安装,则 AGND 和 GND 短接在一起。如果未安装,则它们将被隔离。

  2. 这两个接地是相互隔离的,以处理潜在的噪声问题。如果您在 MCU 将噪声注入地时遇到问题(这会扰乱敏感的模拟电路),那么您可以移除 0 欧姆电阻并将它们隔离。这可能会有其他问题(例如接地回路),但有时是必要的。

从 PCB 设计的角度来看,将接地短路在一起(通过安装 0 欧姆电阻器)更简单。设计具有两个接地层的电路板更加复杂(并且容易出错)。

跳线在那里,因此可以完成两种配置(单独或统一的接地层)。