往年英语

1、peaceful solutions to other religious,ethnic and national conflicts around the world.
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7、Pub hours shake-up revealed next week
By James Hardy Political Editor
PUBS and clubs will be allowed to stay open round-the-clock under a planned radical change of Britain's outdated licensing(许可证发放)laws.
Prime Minister Tony Blair yesterday revealed a Bill(议案)to bring in the long-awaited improvement will be contained in the Queen's Speech next week．Some public bars and clubs could be open all hours while others could choose different closing times into the early hours.
Police forces around the country have said different closing times will mean the explosion in violence and vandalism(破坏行为)after 11p.m.-when aggressive drunks are sent out at the same time．
The move will be opposed by some MPs(下院议员)who fear it will lead to increased alcoholism,drunken behavior and crime．But ministers say there will be controls on which pubs and clubs are allowed to open 24 hours a day.
Places which consistently attract violent drunks and troublemakers will be turned down.
Mr．Blair said:"We believe there should be greater flexibility in licensing．In the end,the evidence that we have is that it may help in the fight against anti-social behavior．At the moment the very fixed nature of the hours sometimes means that you get particular problems outside pubs and city centers at particular hours of the evening."
The big change will be accompanied by a strict action on petty criminals who cause misery to urban and rural communities.
In a bid to prevent criticism of the licensing improvement,the Govenment is to extend on-the-spot fines to a range of offences from vandalism.
The PM said yesterday petty crime was the single biggest cause of daily aggressive behavior for millions.
Some people say that when this law is passed,__

8、It used to take Redwood City,California police hours to locate gunfire．Now,they have a new tool that helps them find the gunfire quickly．This new tool is called the Shot Spotter,The police began using the Shot Spotter in 1995．They wanted to cut down on gunfire in their city.
One Shot Spotter covers a square mile．Eight microphones are put on the roofs of buildings．These microphones pick up gunfire noise．It only takes seven seconds to report the gunfire to the police．Then a red dot on the police map shows where the action is.
The Shot Spotter really works well．It locates the gunfire within 20 to 40 feet plus or minus．Redwood City police are very happy with the Shot Spotter．They think it might have helped catch the
D.
C．sniper.
Shot Spotters cost a lot of money．One of them sells for$200,000．Despite the cost,Shot Spotters can be a big help in fighting crime.
What is the writer's attitude toward Shot Spooters?

9、Some people do not like anything to be out of place;they are never late for work;they return their books on time to the library;they remember people's birthdays;and they pay their bills as soon as they arrive．Mr．Hill is such a man.
Mr．Hill works in a bank,and lives alone．The only family he has is in the next town:his sister lives there with her husband,and her son,Jack．Mr．Hill does not see his sister,or her family,from one year to the next,but he sends them Christmas cards,and he has not forgotten one of Jack's seventeen birthdays.
Last week Mr．Hill had quite a surprise．He drove home from the bank at the usual time,driving neither too slowly nor too fast;he parked his car where he always parked it,out of the way of other cars,and he went inside to make his evening meal．Just then,there was a knock at the door．He opened the door,to find a policeman standing on the door-step.
"What have I done wrong?"Mr．Hill asked himself．"Have I driven on the wrong side of the road?Has there been some trouble at the bank?Have I forgotten to pay an important bill?"
"Hello,Uncle,"said the policeman,"My name is Jack."
Mr．Hill__.

10、First,the spotted owl was threatened by logging in the Pacific Northwest．Now it's in danger from a new enemy,the barred owl．Barred owls have been moving to the Northwest from the eastern part of the United States．Stan Sovern has studied spotted owls．Now when he calls for spotted owls,barred owls are starting to appear．Sovern threw a mouse on the ground,and a barred owl grabbed it.
Scientists have learned that spotted owls start to vanish when barred owls come．Some barred and spotted owls have mated and produced hybrid babies．One spotted owl was killed by a barred owl.
Professor Ned K．Brown of the University of California-Berkeley says,"In some areas of Washington,the barred owls moved into very dense,deep woods．The same kind of woods that arc opened up,or destroyed by logging,that adversely influences the spotted owls."
Ten years have passed since the federal government began protecting the spotted owl．Loggers were forced to limit logging on seven million acres of government land．No one is sure how the arrival of the barred owls will impact laws that protect spotted laws．The barred owls like to live in the deep forests where loggers like to cut down trees．The barred owls will likely keep migrating to the Northwest.
Logging was greatly reduced__.

11、Key James,Secretary of Health and Human Resources in the Virginia State government,loves to turn the tables on those who don't think it's possible to be middle-class,conservative,educated and still be truly black．Once,during an abortion debate,a woman in the audience angrily told James she was so middle-class she didn't have a clue about real African American life．"If you understood what these women go through,"the woman said,"you would realize that abortion is their only choice."
James then asked the woman to consider a poor black mother on welfare．She already has four children and an alcoholic husband who has all but abandoned the family．Now she discovers another child is on the way．"How would you counsel that woman?"asked James.
"Have an abortion,"the woman responded．"That child would have a very poor quality of life."
"I have a vested interest in your answer,"James said．"The woman I described was my mother．I was the fifth of six children born into poverty．And,in case you're interested,the quality of my life is just fine!"
James'mother__.

12、Many people use wood stoves and fireplaces to heat their homes．Scientists have become worried about the smoke that they give off．Harmful chemicals are in the smoke．The smoke is causing air pollution．The pieces of pollution,called soot,are floating in the air．They are too tiny to see．Scientists must use a microscope to see them.
Small amounts of soot are safe,but large amounts can be dangerous．The govenment wants to limit this kind of pollution．It may stop people from using their fireplaces.
The air is tested every day．When soot levels are high,more than 65 micrograms of soot per cubic meter,factories must stop making smoke．The government thinks that limit should be much lower.
Factories produce the most smoke and soot．But the government thinks that all types of burning should be limited．The soot levels from factories and homes could be limited．Home owners may have to install new wood stoves that they comply with the new law．Or,they may not be able to bum on days when the air quality is bad.
Residents of some towns are fined if they violate the burning ban．Scientists hope these new regulations will make the air cleaner and less harmful to breathe.
Why is it dangerous to burn too much wood?

13、Online distance learning is an instructional system which connects learners with educational resources．Students work on their own at home,at work,or at school and communicate with faculty and other students by means of e-mail,electronic meetings,videoconferencing,chat rooms,instant messaging and other forms of computer-based communication．There are both advantages and disadvantages to online distance learning.
There are many benefits to using online distance learning environments．Online education is available all the time,anywhere and to all people．However,there are weaknesses for some learners．The online learner only has the written text and no other face-to-face hints．This may confuse the learner and cause misunderstanding．While distance learning allows for an openness,it is also difficult because it is done by e-mail messages and writing,and therefore may take more time than face-to-face learning．Sometimes the messages can be overwhelming for many online students.
Universities,colleges and schools use online distance learning environments．These are important for students who may be unable to attend classes for various reasons like illnesses or busy everyday schedules．Some learners just want to further their studies at home．They enjoy the convenience of home learning as they take regular programs or enrichment classes.
Online courses keep learners very occupied at all hours of the day．There are a great many messages and other online resources to read and respond to．Most learners have regular jobs or attend regular school classes on ground as well．However,the benefits are clear．Online distance learning is becoming very popular．Some online classes have become a profitable business as they replace regular traditional means of learning.
Sometimes online distance learning can be a problem because__.

14、Some college students drink too much alcohol at school．Many of them live on the campus．Heavy drinking has caused many problems．It can cause students to make bad choices and do dangerous things.
One college has decided to ban alcohol．It has gotten a reputation as a party school．Five students at the college have died from drinking too much alcohol．Recently,one student drank too much vodka．He slipped into a coma．The college hopes the new rule will prevent any more tragedies.
The new rule prohibits students from drinking alcohol in the dorms．The first time a student breaks the rule they will receive a warning．If they break the rule again,they will be evicted from the dorm．However,they will still have to pay for the dorm．Some students do not live on the campus．They live in houses near the campus．Those students are also banned from drinking alcohol,even if they are of legal age.
Freshmen at the college are now required to take a special course．The course is called AlcoholEdu,and lasts for two and a half hours．The students learn about the dangers of alcohol．They also take a survey to find out how much they know about alcohol．All first-year students must pass the course.
The college hopes that more information will help students make better choices．
How do officials know that alcohol is a problem at the school?

15、Many seasoned tourists find they don't like staying in hotels,and that they prefer to avoid large cities．Does this description fit you?If the answer is yes,The Mountain View Camping Ground is for you．Our camping grounds overlook the spectacular Hampson Valley．We rent tents,bungalows and roulettes．If DIY yourself is your style brings your own tents or roulettes．All guests enjoy access to cooking facilities,bathrooms with bathing facilities,and a playground for the children.
Our panoramic setting offers a wide variety of recreation activities as well as inspiring views of the mountains．Chisom,a quaint summer-resort village,is just 10 minutes by car．Take advantage of the many entertainment,shopping and relaxation opportunities including fitness centres,laundry/valet services,solariums and much more．Have lunch in one of the many restaurants and savor the tasty local cuisine.
Mountain View Camping Ground offers fun,relaxation and opportunities for all types of outdoor activities．Call us today to find out how we can make your next holiday perfect.
What does Valley View offer besides the inspiring views?

16、Above all know your audience and match what you say to their needs．Creating your presentation with your audience in mind will assure that your audience will follow you．If your presentation doesn't appeal to your audience-no matter how well you have developed your presentation--your presentation will fall on deaf ears．This leads us to the next rule:Know your material thoroughly．Your material needs to be second nature to you．Practice and rehearse your presentation with friends,in front of a mirror,and with colleagues．If you are speaking in a second language,make sure that you record yourself and listen to a number of times before going to practice with a native speaker(if possible).
Remember that you are an actor when presenting．Make sure that not only your physical appearance is appropriate to the occasion,but also the tone you use is well chosen．If your topic is serious,be solemn．However,it's always a good idea to begin your presentation with an ice-breaker．Don't worry about making friends,rather lead the audience through your materials in a calm and relaxed manner．Speak slowly and clearly,and remember to address everyone in the audience-even the person the farthest away from you.
To achieve the above goals follow these tips when giving your presentation:
●Speak with conviction．Believe what you are saying and you will persuade your audience．
●Do not read from notes．Referring to notes is fine,but do so only briefly.
●Maintain eye contact with your audience．Making direct eye contact with individuals will help them feel as if they are participating in your presentation.
●Bring handouts．Don't just use a PowerPoint presentation．Provide audience members with handouts of the most important materials so they can keep your most
important takeaways in mind.
●Know when to stop．This cannot be underestimated．You need to make your case,but continuing for too long will only ensure that the audience forgets what you have said.
What should you do before your practice in a second language?

17、请选出读音不同的选项。（ ）

18、The two teachers taught him 30 years ago, but()of them can recognize him now.

19、Whenever I was free, I would chat with John, Helen and a few()friends.

20、In 2011, a dog owner named Robert uploaded a video titled“Guilty!” to YouTube. He had come home finding his two dogs near an empty bag of cat treats. The first dog behaved calmly. But the second dog, Denver, sat shaking in a corner, her eyes looking down, which made Robert believe it was she who had done it. Seeing her “apparent admission of guilt,” he yelled at her, “You did this!” Denver beat her tail nervously. “You know the routine. In the kennel(狗窝)!” Following the command, the dog shut herself in.The video quickly gathered a flood of comments. Since then, “dog shaming” has become popularOn the internet, as owners around the world posted beside notes shots of their trembling pets in which the dogs seemed to admit bad behavior. For instance, “I ate an extra large pizza,” admits a chocolate Lab. Human enthusiasm for guilty dogs seemed growing.But according to a researcher at Barnard College, what we consider to be a dog’s guilty look is no sign of guilt at all. In a 2009 study, the researcher had owners forbid their dogs from eating an attractive treat, and then asked the owners to leave the room. While each owner was gone, the researcher either removed the treat or fed it to the dog. When the owners returned, they were told-regardless of the truth-that their dogs either had or had not eaten it. If owners thought their dogs had done something wrong, blames followed, and guilty looks quickly emerged. Yet dogs who hadn’t eaten the treat were more likely to appear guilty than dogs who had-so long as their owners scolded them. Far from signaling regret, one group of researchers wrote in a 2012 paper, the guilty look of dogs is very likely a means to show obedience(顺从)to their owners.How did people react to Robert’s video?

21、In 2011, a dog owner named Robert uploaded a video titled“Guilty!” to YouTube. He had come home finding his two dogs near an empty bag of cat treats. The first dog behaved calmly. But the second dog, Denver, sat shaking in a corner, her eyes looking down, which made Robert believe it was she who had done it. Seeing her “apparent admission of guilt,” he yelled at her, “You did this!” Denver beat her tail nervously. “You know the routine. In the kennel(狗窝)!” Following the command, the dog shut herself in.The video quickly gathered a flood of comments. Since then, “dog shaming” has become popularOn the internet, as owners around the world posted beside notes shots of their trembling pets in which the dogs seemed to admit bad behavior. For instance, “I ate an extra large pizza,” admits a chocolate Lab. Human enthusiasm for guilty dogs seemed growing.But according to a researcher at Barnard College, what we consider to be a dog’s guilty look is no sign of guilt at all. In a 2009 study, the researcher had owners forbid their dogs from eating an attractive treat, and then asked the owners to leave the room. While each owner was gone, the researcher either removed the treat or fed it to the dog. When the owners returned, they were told-regardless of the truth-that their dogs either had or had not eaten it. If owners thought their dogs had done something wrong, blames followed, and guilty looks quickly emerged. Yet dogs who hadn’t eaten the treat were more likely to appear guilty than dogs who had-so long as their owners scolded them. Far from signaling regret, one group of researchers wrote in a 2012 paper, the guilty look of dogs is very likely a means to show obedience(顺从)to their owners.What does “a chocolate Lab” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

22、Had he worked harder, he()the exams.

23、In some countries each of the citizens()to decide government policies.

24、You may get good grades by studying only before examinations, but you will only succeed ________ by studying hard every day.

25、Not until 1868 ______ made the capital of the state of Georgia.

26、As a student of economics, Jack has a good understanding of the relationship between supply and _________.

27、I'm going to have a rest and _______.

28、Gain at the expense of reputation should be called _______.

29、The taxi driver always reminds passengers to _______their belongings when they leave the car.

30、If the doctor had been available, the child ____________.

31、- Excuse me. Could you spare me a few minutes? - _________

32、Which of the following statements is NOT true?_________

33、When the garden is in blossom, it means that one ________ has been rewarded.

34、A deep hole was dug so that ______.

35、Every day I _____ home at half past five.

36、The doctor soon made the worried patient feel _____ ease.

37、How many years of her life did Martha Berry devote to working for the mountain children? ____.

38、It can be concluded from the passage that _________.

39、Mary is very _____ her mother.

40、Your hair wants _____ . You’d better have it done tomorrow.

41、How does the controller follow Chicago’s traffic?

42、Which of the following is true?

43、Dogs bark, donkeys _____.

44、What did the donkey do when he was well again? He went _____

45、He knows little of English to say ____ of English culture.

46、Fortunately, the demonstration ____ to be quite peaceful.

47、The patient refused ______ any medicine.

48、He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.

49、Where______ born ?

50、Helen apologized _____ her not being able to attend the party.